جستارهای در انکار «ضروری مذهب» واثار آن در فقه امامیه

چکیده مقاله :

انکار ضروری یا غیر ضروری از احکامی که معلوم الصدور از پیامبر(ص) و ائمه اطهار(ع) هستند با تصدیق اجمالی منافاتی ندارد و سبب سلب ایمان به خدا و رسول گرامی اسلام نبوده و موجب کفر نمی¬گردد. منکر ضروری اگر تنافی بین انکارش و تصدیق اجمالی داشته باشد، این از واضح ترین مصادیق کفر(کفر در برابر اسلام) است و در غیر این صورت کافر محسوب نمی¬شود. فقهای معاصر، اعتقادی به سببیّت مستقل برای انکار ضروری و حکم به خروج از دین یا مذهب ندارند. انکار ضروری مذهب به خودی خود موجب خروج از مذهب نیست، مگر به سبب انکار امام(ع) و از روی توجه و علم و التفات به موضوع باشد. منکر ضروریات مذهب شیعه، مسلمان غیر شیعی است ولی از همه حقوق اسلام برخوردار است و احکام مسلمانان بر او جاری بوده و در صورت رجوع به مذهب، عبادات او قبول و نیاز به اعاده ندارد. ولی احتمال فسق در او وجود دارد. روش پژوهش در این مقاله توصیفی- تحلیلی است.

چکیده انگلیسی :

The denial of Ḍarūrī (the essential component of religion) or Ghayr-i-Ḍarūrī (the non-essential component of religion) from among the rules which have certainly been issued by the Prophet of Islām and Imāms (peace upon them) is not incompatible with partial acceptance of religion and does not cause the loss of faith in Allāh and the Prophet of Islām and does not lead to disbelief. If there is mutual incompatibility between one’s denial of Ḍarūrī and his/her partial acceptance of religion (which is one of the clearest evidences of disbelief), he/she is considered to be an unbeliever; otherwise, he/she is not regarded so. Contemporary jurists do not believe in single-case causality for people’s denial of Ḍarūrī and issuing decree on their apostasy whether in terms of religion or of a particular religious school; one who rejects Ḍarūrī of Shi‘ite school is considered a non-Shi‘ite Muslim, and the commands of Muslims are carried out upon him/her. The method of research in this article is descriptive-analytical.

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