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        1 - How Zaydiyya evolved into Imamiyya in Tabarestan based on beliefs
        ali emamifar Seyed Mahmoud  Samani mostafa soltani
        Zaydiyya is the name of a sect that split from the Shiites and was formed after the uprising of Zayd ibn Ali in Kufa (122 AH). This sect has experienced evolution in its life. The developments that took place with the formation of the Zaidi government in Tabarestan and More
        Zaydiyya is the name of a sect that split from the Shiites and was formed after the uprising of Zayd ibn Ali in Kufa (122 AH). This sect has experienced evolution in its life. The developments that took place with the formation of the Zaidi government in Tabarestan and Deylam. But this rule did not last for some reason and the Zaydi religion also disappeared with more distance and time and gave way to the Imams. The question is, what were the causes and factors of this change? The subject of this work is the study of the causes of this change of religion by referring to the original Zaydi texts and describing and analyzing them to explain the causes. It seems that besides various reasons, the most important reason for this is the heterogeneity of the intellectual and belief system, including: Imamate (Mahdism, the quality of choosing an Imam, the permission of the Imamate of several Imams at the same time) and other beliefs that arise from this, such as Bringing to Etzal and Hanafi jurisprudence, as well as important issues such as disbelief and practice of taqiyyah, moral corruption and their behavior, and leaving the Islamic world, provided the ground for the extinction of Zaydiyya in Tabarestan. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Criticism of Darmstadter's historical approach in Mahdavi studies
        Mostafa  SalimKhani Mohsen  EhteshamiNia Mohammad Reza  Aram
        <p>Mahdism is one of the Islamic beliefs that has attracted the attention of Orientalists and Western researchers in the last 150 years. The subject of "Mahdism in Islam" and more specifically "Shia's view of Mahdism" has received almost equal attention from Western res More
        <p>Mahdism is one of the Islamic beliefs that has attracted the attention of Orientalists and Western researchers in the last 150 years. The subject of "Mahdism in Islam" and more specifically "Shia's view of Mahdism" has received almost equal attention from Western researchers and writers. One of the most important damages and destructions that have many effects and consequences in the field of Mahdism is the distortions created by Orientalists. Unfortunately, for various reasons, Orientalists did not have accurate and correct information about Mahdism, and for this reason, many of their opinions are superficial or with many problems; Because the source of many orientalists of this period in this matter is from second-hand sources (such as Darmstetter) or even public hearings (such as Gobineau), which of course are not very reliable. Biasedly or without referring to original sources, they present materials in the name of religion and Mahdism, and after that, some people have dealt scientifically with their materials and articles and considered it a scientific and research work without any flaws. They consider it a flaw and use it in their books and articles. This approach can have consequences, the most important of which is that non-Islamic communities stay away from authentic Islamic content in general and Mahdism in particular, which is the subject of our discussion, and create doubt or hatred among the uninformed believers. Therefore, in this research, we intend to investigate Darmstetter's historical approach in Mahdavi studies using a descriptive-analytical method.</p> Manuscript profile