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      • Open Access Article

        1 - The basis of philosophy of contract realization
        jalil ghanavati omid gholamalitabar firozjaiee
        Basically, the philosophy of contract realization is based on two theories: a view based on formalism and the restraints of the words and specific forms for conclusion of the contract, and the other is based on the freedom of will in concluding the contract. However, af More
        Basically, the philosophy of contract realization is based on two theories: a view based on formalism and the restraints of the words and specific forms for conclusion of the contract, and the other is based on the freedom of will in concluding the contract. However, after the Renaissance, intense oppositions to formality began and the sovereignty of will has grown steadily, and this transformation and attitude has also become more objective in the legal system of Iran after the constitutional revolution, but after a while a lot of criticism, philosophically or legally, appeared regarding it and its severity and intensity has been reduced. In Iran's law, by setting Article 10 of the Civil Code as well as Article 957, the legislator has shown tendency to the principle of sovereignty of will, but this does not mean that we interpret the traditional and jurisprudential texts according to modern interpretations. Manuscript profile
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        2 - How Zaydiyya evolved into Imamiyya in Tabarestan based on beliefs
        ali emamifar Seyed Mahmoud  Samani mostafa soltani
        Zaydiyya is the name of a sect that split from the Shiites and was formed after the uprising of Zayd ibn Ali in Kufa (122 AH). This sect has experienced evolution in its life. The developments that took place with the formation of the Zaidi government in Tabarestan and More
        Zaydiyya is the name of a sect that split from the Shiites and was formed after the uprising of Zayd ibn Ali in Kufa (122 AH). This sect has experienced evolution in its life. The developments that took place with the formation of the Zaidi government in Tabarestan and Deylam. But this rule did not last for some reason and the Zaydi religion also disappeared with more distance and time and gave way to the Imams. The question is, what were the causes and factors of this change? The subject of this work is the study of the causes of this change of religion by referring to the original Zaydi texts and describing and analyzing them to explain the causes. It seems that besides various reasons, the most important reason for this is the heterogeneity of the intellectual and belief system, including: Imamate (Mahdism, the quality of choosing an Imam, the permission of the Imamate of several Imams at the same time) and other beliefs that arise from this, such as Bringing to Etzal and Hanafi jurisprudence, as well as important issues such as disbelief and practice of taqiyyah, moral corruption and their behavior, and leaving the Islamic world, provided the ground for the extinction of Zaydiyya in Tabarestan. Manuscript profile