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Open Access Article

1 - Similarity between the Qualities of God and Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Attar’s Works

Affiliation and devotion of Gnostics of the Muslim lands to the holy presence of the Islam Prophet (PBUH) has been recognized everywhere. Sheikh Attar has a special position in this regard. There are no doubt that Attar’s sayings on describing the status of Mohammedan M More

Affiliation and devotion of Gnostics of the Muslim lands to the holy presence of the Islam Prophet (PBUH) has been recognized everywhere. Sheikh Attar has a special position in this regard. There are no doubt that Attar’s sayings on describing the status of Mohammedan Mission and Light reminds us viewpoints of scholars and experts of the Intellectual Mysticism. This paper tries to explain and demonstrate the fact that for the creator of Mantiq-ut-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) there is no contrast between name, qualities and essence of the Prophet and the divine essence and attributes. Manuscript profile

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2 - A critical Survey of Mark Maller’s View of Animal Suffering
Sayed Mahmoud Musawi Mohammad Molaye

Animal pain and suffering in the domain of nature are undeniable facts, which give rise to the problem of incompatibility of such facts with divine attributes of omniscience, omnipotence and absolute benevolence of God in Abrahamic faiths. Theologians have endeavored to More

Animal pain and suffering in the domain of nature are undeniable facts, which give rise to the problem of incompatibility of such facts with divine attributes of omniscience, omnipotence and absolute benevolence of God in Abrahamic faiths. Theologians have endeavored to meet this challenge by both explaining the compatibility and persevering their traditional faith in divine attributes. Mark Maller, however, attempted to solve the problem by reinterpretation of divine attributes and abandoning the orthodox beliefs. The problem with Maller and his like Christian theologians was to rely on nonreligious presumptions rather than on theistic foundations in finding a solution for the problem. The critique of their stance is that one cannot formulate a logical consistent argument by adopting some premises from religious fources and other premises from nonreligious ones. It seems that a holistic view and looking into scriptural thrives can provide a better and more coherent solution for animal suffering. Manuscript profile

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3 - Explaining the Existential Relationship of God with the Creatures by Investigating and Criticizing the Reasonable Reason in Sadra's Wisdom
Ahmad saeidi Yaser Hosseinpour Mehdi Imani Moghaddam

According to his existential authenticity, Sadr al-Mutawla'in established an existence in the levels of existence and called it a special formulation, but there were various interpretations of what he meant in terms of existence. Some of the unity of the existence of ex More

According to his existential authenticity, Sadr al-Mutawla'in established an existence in the levels of existence and called it a special formulation, but there were various interpretations of what he meant in terms of existence. Some of the unity of the existence of existence is a modest doctrine of transcendental wisdom to bring the philosophers' minds closer to the ultimate vote of Mulla Sadra, the personal unity of existence. Some others believe that the existence of the existence is a philosophical version and an accurate interpretation of the unity of the witnesses of the mystics. But some believe that the unity of the mystical existence means the existence of all beings in the same vein and Sadra's arrangement is exactly the same. On this basis, matrix means that there is only one supernatural existence, and many, despite being, exist without the existence of a supreme, absolute and unified entity. In other words, in the opinion of the proponents of this interpretation, Sadr al-Muta'l-أīni sought to prove the existence of all being in the presence of God, or in other words, to prove the existence of God for all beings. In this article, the recent interpretation of Mulla Sadra's ultimate view assumes And with this principle, we have narrated and reviewed some of his arguments to prove this interpretation. Manuscript profile

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4 - The succession of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the prophetic court and the vote of the caliphs
tahereh eslami ali abadi

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.10.37.1.3

After the death of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH & HP), the issue of caliphate was the most important issue in Islamic society. Some claim that this succession was the basis of the divine installation; in addition to the intellectual currents, they sang another song and More

After the death of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH & HP), the issue of caliphate was the most important issue in Islamic society. Some claim that this succession was the basis of the divine installation; in addition to the intellectual currents, they sang another song and made other plans. The present research has attempted to answer the question with the historical-analytical method that the Prophet (pbuh), in terms of historical propositions, had a narrative view of the caliphate? What are the three caliphs? The results of this study indicate that there is a profound difference between the viewpoint of the Prophet (pbuh) and the three caliphs about the issue of caliphate. The Prophet (pbuh) considered the caliphate to be divine, while the three caliphs considered criteria such as allegiance, subordination, and council determination to legitimize their caliphate and each other, which later became the criterion of Sunni practice. Manuscript profile

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5 - Study of Kant and Ghazali's view of proving the Existence of God
faride hakimi mahdi dehbashi

20.1001.1.98991735.1399.10.38.12.2

In his critique of theoretical reason, Kant holds that all the arguments are proof of the existence of God as an existential argument. He criticizes this argument a lot, so he expresses it in the form of an innate argument. Kant's sense of nature actually means the kind More

In his critique of theoretical reason, Kant holds that all the arguments are proof of the existence of God as an existential argument. He criticizes this argument a lot, so he expresses it in the form of an innate argument. Kant's sense of nature actually means the kind of talent that one acquires. Al-Ghazali, after expressing the proof of hadith, in the second round of his life, discusses the nature of nature and uses it in various meanings such as instinct and reason. He also does not consider nature to be achieved by rational reasoning. Ghazali believes that God exists in our nature, while Kant believes that we gain it throughout our lives, not that it exists in our imagination from day one. Manuscript profile

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6 - Utilization of Ontology Approach in Monotheistic Pedagogy from the Holy Qurans point of View
Seyyedeh Tahereh Aghamiri Mohammad Reza Shahroodi Majid Salehi Mohammad Safehian

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.10.39.1.7

According to instruction s of Holy Quran -as the most verified resources for recognition of glorious God-, monotheism is the principal of humans real life while blasphemy stands on the opposite point of it, is considered as the biggest cruelty and the unforgivable sin. More

According to instruction s of Holy Quran -as the most verified resources for recognition of glorious God-, monotheism is the principal of humans real life while blasphemy stands on the opposite point of it, is considered as the biggest cruelty and the unforgivable sin. Monotheistic ontology -by taking advantages of inspirational instruction- is a useful opponent and a substitution for positivistic, materialistic and nihilistic ontologies. These sorts of ontologies are not capable of introducing human’s pedagogy as they have diminished the fact of minor and major universes into the limitations of natural horizons and materialistic world. If the pedagogy of theist human establishes based on monotheistic ontology, human is considered as a theist living who identifies his external and internal aspects in a complete manner. The main issue with this study is to describe the elements of ontology that are related to human guide and pedagogy in order to reach the perfection and a good life, promised in Holy Quran. Through this paper, critical principals of monotheistic ontology considering “theology and cosmology” field are studied that are accounted as monotheistic pedagogy. The claims of some interpreters and ideologists of religious science and inspired scripts to confirm the properness and adaptation of descriptive and prescriptive ontological propositions with Quran instructions. Based on the results of this study, God -as the source and start point of all goodness- and the universe is the sign of truth and the situation in where the human faces the truth of God. In order to this, intrinsic need of human reveals in several stages of intrinsic, descriptive and performative monotheism. The result of this research is the true perception and understanding of a human about his position in the universe as a creator-dependent creature whose achievement to perfection and God, accelerates and sublimates, with consideration of lordship monotheism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The "Bestowal Theology(2)"; The Implications of the Principle of "Bestowal" in divine Attributes and acts
hasan Mohamadi ahmad abadi saeed motaqi far

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.11.41.8.1

The principle of "the Donor of a thing must already have it" used in Two Manners for Proving of divine attributes. In one application used for proving of Absolute perfection Attributes and in another used for proving each of the perfection attributes Including All kinds More

The principle of "the Donor of a thing must already have it" used in Two Manners for Proving of divine attributes. In one application used for proving of Absolute perfection Attributes and in another used for proving each of the perfection attributes Including All kinds of Divine knowledge like essential and intuition Knowledge, Knowledge to other one Before Creating, Knowledge to other one after creation, Active Knowledge and intuition Knowledge To another. As it is used in Proving of Attributes like Divine Power, Life, Will, necessity, goodness, righteousness, Simplicity, richness and ownership. This Principle also used for Proving of Basic Statements Related to divine acts Including The principle of "One", Extending existence ,the worlds of Existence, The invention of the universe and the Perfection of creation. This text, By proving the influence of this rule in most important issues of Islamic theology, justified Islamic theology as a "Bestowal theology ". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Investigating the relationship between God and man in the tragedy of Attar and Haft Aurang Jami

Man, God and their relationship with each other is one of the most fundamental topics in mystical literature. Mystical poets, as the possessors of the gentle and sensitive divine spirit, have included the relationship between God and man in the form of grace and pleasan More

Man, God and their relationship with each other is one of the most fundamental topics in mystical literature. Mystical poets, as the possessors of the gentle and sensitive divine spirit, have included the relationship between God and man in the form of grace and pleasantness, which has become one of the deepest phrases of their works. This study has examined the relationship between God and man in a library and in a comparative way in the tragedy of Attar Neyshabouri and Divan Jami. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between God and man based on the basic human principles of help, guidance and love, which shows that the relationship between God and man is one of the important concerns of these two mystics and they offer different ways and factors to achieve it. In; The most important results This research includes the fact that the works of Attar and Jami are full of the relationship between God and man, and this relationship is sometimes quoted from the language of the poet and sometimes from the language of fictional characters. The recklessness, courage and intimacy that exist in the poems of these two have given a special depth to their verses that give the reader a feeling of tenderness and the peak of servitude, while the loving relationship of God has been the highest type of relationship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The perfect man is the face of God
Mohammad Javad Rudgar

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.11.42.7.2

Knowledge of the perfect human being, both theoretically-scientifically and practically-behaviorally, is of special importance in the knowledge of God Almighty and the spiritual life and geometry of good life, and whenever we trace this truth in revelatory teachings and More

Knowledge of the perfect human being, both theoretically-scientifically and practically-behaviorally, is of special importance in the knowledge of God Almighty and the spiritual life and geometry of good life, and whenever we trace this truth in revelatory teachings and religious teachings, it becomes important and then necessary. His efficiency in regulating a reasonable and heavenly life will be doubled. In fact, perfectionism is a kind of theology and the term perfect human being, the term of mysticism in religious texts, has been interpreted with titles such as: Caliph of God, Hajjah, Prophet, Messenger, Imam and Guardian. And one of the deep and pleasant interpretations in the book and Sunnah is "the face of God" which corresponds to the being and is the manifestation of the Almighty, and the complete and concise manifestations of the manifestations of the Almighty will be the perfect man and the saints of God. Now the question is what is a perfect perfect human being and who are the faces of God? In the tradition of the Qur'an and mysticism, who are the concept and example of the face of God? The present article will be responsible for answering the above-mentioned questions (which are collectively a question) with a narrative-rational method and analytical approach, and its output is the possibility of knowing God in the level of action or attributes of action, which in Qur'anic verses Titles such as "Allah", "Noor", "Face of God" and the like have been mentioned and the perfect man is the verse of the Almighty and the face of God. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The essence and attributes of God in the thought of Fadl Ibn Shazan and Etienne Gilson
Safar Ali Arefkhani abbas gohari Mehdi Mokhtari Bayat

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.11.43.7.4

The issue of theology is one of the fundamental concerns of man. The essential role of this concept and the way of believing in the existence or non-existence of God is obvious in all aspects of human life, and it is the atheistic attitude towards God that determines th More

The issue of theology is one of the fundamental concerns of man. The essential role of this concept and the way of believing in the existence or non-existence of God is obvious in all aspects of human life, and it is the atheistic attitude towards God that determines the nature of human existence in general and the meaning of freedom and moral responsibility in particular. Therefore, the knowledge of the nature of divine attributes is one of the most important theological topics that thinkers have discussed and discussed about it, regardless of their methods and intellectual foundation. God pays. The results of this study showed that there are many similarities between Gilson's view as a Neutomai philosopher and Fadl Ibn Shazan as a Shiite theologian whose philosophical thoughts on the nature and attributes of God are similar to those of the Peripatetic philosophers. One of their commonalities is their same philosophical method, that is, the method of using reason in their arguments and their same opinion in the compatibility of reason and religion, which, despite differences in the way of expressing the content, has caused the common opinion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Investigating the relationship between God and man in the tragedy of Attar and Haft Aurang Jami
زهرا قزلسفلی Akbar Shabani Mohammad Fazeli

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.11.43.10.7

Man, God and their relationship with each other is one of the most fundamental topics in mystical literature. Mystical poets, as the possessors of the gentle and sensitive divine spirit, have included the relationship between God and man in the form of grace and pleasan More

Man, God and their relationship with each other is one of the most fundamental topics in mystical literature. Mystical poets, as the possessors of the gentle and sensitive divine spirit, have included the relationship between God and man in the form of grace and pleasantness, which has become one of the deepest phrases of their works. This study has examined the relationship between God and man in a library and in a comparative way in the tragedy of Attar Neyshabouri and Divan Jami. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between God and man based on the basic human principles of help, guidance and love, which shows that the relationship between God and man is one of the important concerns of these two mystics and they offer different ways and factors to achieve it. In; The most important results This research includes the fact that the works of Attar and Jami are full of the relationship between God and man, and this relationship is sometimes quoted from the language of the poet and sometimes from the language of fictional characters. The recklessness, courage and intimacy that exist in the poems of these two have given a special depth to their verses that give the reader a feeling of tenderness and the peak of servitude, while the loving relationship of God has been the highest type of relationship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The argument from particularization for God’s existence in Twelver Shīʿism kalām
Hamid Ataei Nazari

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.11.44.7.6

Among classical arguments for God’s existence in Islamic theology is The argument from particularization which is also called “the proof of possibility of attributes” and “proof of particularization”. The gist of the argument is that since all bodies share in corporeali More

Among classical arguments for God’s existence in Islamic theology is The argument from particularization which is also called “the proof of possibility of attributes” and “proof of particularization”. The gist of the argument is that since all bodies share in corporeality yet differ in various attributes, there must be some cause for the particularization of the attributes of bodies. the cause must be an eternal agent who is not a body. Different versions of the argument presented by Twelver Shīʿī theologians in various schools caused important and considerable evolution in the history of the argument. Such evolution in Twelver Shīʿism kalām has not been the subject of researches so far. In the present paper, having discussed different versions of the argument in Twelver Shīʿism kalām from the 6th/12th to 11th/17th centuries, illustrated changes and the evolution of the argument in the period. It shows that there are four different versions of The argument from particularization for God’s existence in the Twelver Shīʿism kalām, which are rather distinct in the premises and conclusion. The argument from particularization has not been received much attention from Twelver Shīʿī theologians, probably due to some fundamental flaws in it, including its disability to prove God as a necessary existent (wājib al-wujūd). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Critique of Ash'arite Quranic arguments about seeing God based on the views of Allama Helli and Allama Tabatabaie
farahnaz razmi Nafiseh FayazBakhsh Babak Abbasi علیرضا دارابی

20.1001.1.98991735.1401.12.48.4.8

The topic of seeing God is one of the oldest theological matters that has always been considered by religions, and school of human thoughts. In Islam, the Ash'arites, as the largest theological sect of the Tradition, have a unique view in this regard and consider it im More

The topic of seeing God is one of the oldest theological matters that has always been considered by religions, and school of human thoughts. In Islam, the Ash'arites, as the largest theological sect of the Tradition, have a unique view in this regard and consider it impossible to see God with the bare eye in this world, but it is allowed in hereafter. It uses philosophical and mystical teachings to make this impossible. During our time, Allama Tabatabie Provided the most accurate analysis on the subject of relying on the divine nature of human, removing the veil, and the subject of intuition. In this article, which is of evidence type and its method, content analysis and clarification is of comparative type, for the first time, the point of view of Allama Helli, who has argued in this regard and devoted many of his works to himself compare to the view of Ash'arites. Therefore, he compares the views of the eleventh century theologian (Allama Helli) with the fifteenth century commentator (Allama Tabatabaie) which shows the evolution of philosophical and interpretive theological view during these four centuries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - A Critical Study of Fakhr Razi's Rationalist Approach in Theology
Gholamhussein Gerami

20.1001.1.98991735.1401.12.48.12.6

The ways to attain theism can be divided into four general approaches: rationalism, narrativeism, empiricism, and intuitionism. Fakhr al-Din al-Razi is one of the Ash'arite thinkers who believes in the rationalist approach in theology and considers reasoning and proof a More

The ways to attain theism can be divided into four general approaches: rationalism, narrativeism, empiricism, and intuitionism. Fakhr al-Din al-Razi is one of the Ash'arite thinkers who believes in the rationalist approach in theology and considers reasoning and proof as the only way to know God. Accordingly, he believes that the cognition that is obtained for us about God Almighty is a general and indeterminate knowledge. Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's rationalist approach can be criticized from three perspectives. The most important drawbacks of such an approach are the methodological confinement as well as disregard for the knowledge by presence (consciousness) and intuitive approach as the most valuable way to attain the knowledge of God. Refusal to accept the common innate nature of human beings and consequently the denial of innate theism is another problem of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's rationalist approach. Acceptance of the possibility of seeing God by man, and the presentation of various Qur'anic evidence to prove it by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, which in fact leads to personal knowledge, is one of the important challenges for him that causes an internal conflict in his theological stances. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - developments of proof of the truthful (Burhān-i ṣiddīqīn) in Ashʿarite philosophical theology
Hamid Ataei Nazari

Proof of the truthful (Burhān-i ṣiddīqīn) is among the most famous and valid arguments to prove God’s Existence in Islamic philosophy and kalam. However, the history and developments of the proof in Islamic theology have not been the subject of research so far. Likewise More

Proof of the truthful (Burhān-i ṣiddīqīn) is among the most famous and valid arguments to prove God’s Existence in Islamic philosophy and kalam. However, the history and developments of the proof in Islamic theology have not been the subject of research so far. Likewise, the evolution of the proof in Ashʿarite philosophical theology has not been yet explained. In the present article, having discussed and compared different versions of proof of the truthful set forth by late Ashʿarite theologians, it has been shown that proof of the truthful received much attention in Ashʿarite philosophical theology from the twelfth century onwards and was even considered the most important argument to prove God’s Existence. Moreover, certain Ashʿarite theologians, including Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and ʿAḍud al-Dīn al-Ījī, succeeded to put forward innovative versions of proof of the truthful which made the proof more common and stronger. Manuscript profile

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