اسلام

Open Access Article

1 - Resistance economic coordination with Jurisprudence and Islamic culture and the need for it to emerge of Imam Mahdi
Mahmud Ghayoumzadeh

The advent of the promised Imam Mahdi is one of the necessities in a religion that has been Imamia for several reasons it proved in Theology. And on the other hand, it is also fitted for field rather than doubt. Creating the right economic conditions and substrate in t More

The advent of the promised Imam Mahdi is one of the necessities in a religion that has been Imamia for several reasons it proved in Theology. And on the other hand, it is also fitted for field rather than doubt. Creating the right economic conditions and substrate in the most important and original is located in the direction of the field of the role and full color fitted storage have transition effects. In rising to present separate from the program and that there has been in the field of economic issues raised that to prove the program is located in the framework for the economy while compliance with the resistance, jurisprudence and Islamic culture, most near with the conditions for the emergence of the promised Imam Al-Mahdi is needed, can be fitted. Was trying to use the data loaders, library and an analysis of it, proving to be the divine tradition for the realization of the advent of the Imam Mahdi is not that the aforementioned purpose only to figure out the miracle and without interference, but also carried out under normal conditions and factors need to the appropriate economic conditions conditions that topped the attention and importance. Manuscript profile

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2 - A survey of the Shiite Studies in Islamic reference works Shiite entries Citation analysis in Encyclopedia World of Islam (EWI) and the Encyclopedia of Islam (EI)
Seyyed Ahmad Hoseinzadeh

Purpose: This study analyzed the Shiite articles references and Shiite entries and discussions in the Encyclopedia World of Islam (EWI) and the Encyclopedia of Islam (EI). The citation analysis method is used, and means of gathering data are Daricheh software and text More

Purpose: This study analyzed the Shiite articles references and Shiite entries and discussions in the Encyclopedia World of Islam (EWI) and the Encyclopedia of Islam (EI). The citation analysis method is used, and means of gathering data are Daricheh software and text mining. The statistic Population consists of all Shiite entries in both encyclopedias. Findings: The number of Shiite entries in EWI is eight times more than EI. All references in Shiite articles of EWI are 502 times (Shiite sources 199 times and Sunni sources 303 times) but in EI, only the sources of Sunni were referred (484 times). Shiite articles in EWI are more documented than the Shiite articles in EI. Conclusion: In both encyclopedias, there are many qualitative and quantitative differences in Shiite studies. The quantity of Shiite entries of EI is very low, but in EWI this defect was resolved. In compiling Shiite article of EI none of the Shiite sources were referred and just Sunni sources were referred whereas in EWI this case is adjusted Manuscript profile

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3 - Comparatively Surveys the Issue of "Determinism" and "Free Will" among Abraham Religions

This article comparatively surveys the issue of "determinism" and "free will" among holy religions. According to the heavenly religions, we want to distinguish the stand of free will in human being; moreover, whether Allah has created him in determinism or thoroughly gi More

This article comparatively surveys the issue of "determinism" and "free will" among holy religions. According to the heavenly religions, we want to distinguish the stand of free will in human being; moreover, whether Allah has created him in determinism or thoroughly given him free will is in the question. Separately surveying these issues in all three religions, this article distinguishably circulates theirs experts' verdicts; furthermore, it compares and adapts their verdicts to each, considering the differences, and finally it selects the appreciated and complete one. Initially we took a look at the verdicts of Ash'arīyūn, Mu'tazilah, and Shiite in the school of Islam, then the verdicts of jewish experts such as Sa'dīyā, Ibrāhīm ibn 'adhrā, and Ibrāhīm ibn dāvūd have been discussed. The verdicts of christian experts like Saint Augustines, Pelagius, and their companions have been examined at the end Manuscript profile

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4 - Resistance economic coordination with Jurisprudence and Islamic culture and the need for it to emerge of Imam Mahdi

The advent of the promised Imam Mahdi is one of the necessities in a religion that has been Imamia for several reasons it proved in Theology. And on the other hand, it is also fitted for field rather than doubt. Creating the right economic conditions and substrate in t More

The advent of the promised Imam Mahdi is one of the necessities in a religion that has been Imamia for several reasons it proved in Theology. And on the other hand, it is also fitted for field rather than doubt. Creating the right economic conditions and substrate in the most important and original is located in the direction of the field of the role and full color fitted storage have transition effects. In rising to present separate from the program and that there has been in the field of economic issues raised that to prove the program is located in the framework for the economy while compliance with the resistance, jurisprudence and Islamic culture, most near with the conditions for the emergence of the promised Imam Al-Mahdi is needed, can be fitted. Was trying to use the data loaders, library and an analysis of it, proving to be the divine tradition for the realization of the advent of the Imam Mahdi is not that the aforementioned purpose only to figure out the miracle and without interference, but also carried out under normal conditions and factors need to the appropriate economic conditions conditions that topped the attention and importance Manuscript profile

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5 - The role of the gentlefolks in the collapse of the Islamic Society from Quran and Hadith perspective in the years leading up to Ashura

Elite and gentlefolks of any society that conquer to the "right" and "wrong" sides, have a very important role in the orientation of people in various events. So if the gentlefolks of right side be able to practice "guidance and education" masses, happiness in this worl More

Elite and gentlefolks of any society that conquer to the "right" and "wrong" sides, have a very important role in the orientation of people in various events. So if the gentlefolks of right side be able to practice "guidance and education" masses, happiness in this world and the Hereafter for people will be provided, but if for any reasons, do not shirk their duties, the wrong side come into play and "crash" of the community will begin. Only half a century after the Prophet's death, Ashura event occurred in situation which a large number of companions Prophet – much of them are known as gentlefolks - were alive, but Hussein-bin-Ali in the desert of Karbala in the fight against the wrong side left alone along with his family and his loyal companions that were about 100 man and was killed. In this paper, based on Quran verses, traditions and historical sources, we review the role gentlefolks in the fall of the Islamic community Manuscript profile

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6 - Reading out the doubt of “contradiction between slavery and human” Personality from Islamic prospective

Among the posed doubt and issues is the contradiction between slavery and human personality. That is, while Islam gives personality to human, why has Islam confirmed slavery and not rejected it? What is the philosophy of this confirmation? This article has investigated More

Among the posed doubt and issues is the contradiction between slavery and human personality. That is, while Islam gives personality to human, why has Islam confirmed slavery and not rejected it? What is the philosophy of this confirmation? This article has investigated the issue in a descriptive and analytic method and field noting is used in gathering the data. The conclusion is that because deleting the slavery in society had been a time consuming process and although Islam confirmed it at first, conducted programs like blocking slavery origins, opening the freedom gates, surviving slaves’ personalities, etc. And Islam succeeded in this way so that today there is no slavery in Islam. Manuscript profile

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7 - The history of the concept of the articles of faith in Sunni theological tradition

The discussion of the principles of religion or the articles of faith is one of the most important discussions among Muslim thinkers. This important concept of the principles of religion or the articles of faith has its own history among Muslims. The concept of the five More

The discussion of the principles of religion or the articles of faith is one of the most important discussions among Muslim thinkers. This important concept of the principles of religion or the articles of faith has its own history among Muslims. The concept of the five articles of faith in Islam is not extant in Quran or in Hadith but has entered the works of Muslim theologians especially by the works of Mutazilites. In its early stages in the history, the concept of principles of the religion or the articles of faith was used in a general way and referred to the whole theological beliefs but later its usage has narrowed and just referred to some special theological creeds. In this period usually five items were referred to as the five principles of religion. Different theological traditions have their own principles of religion in the way that sometimes seven and even fifteen items were referred to as the principles of religion. Unlike the rationalist Mutazilites, there is no such a concept among Ash'arites or Maturidites. In this article we will survey the history of the changes the concept of the articles of faith experienced in Sunni Kalam tradition Manuscript profile

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8 - Islamic Economics (Indicators of Economic Morality based on Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah)
Hamed Fath'aliani seyed hamid hoseini

No economic movement and especially jihadist ethics in the religious epistemic system can not be successful unless it is the path, path, and destination of the divine, and based on morality. By looking at the Holy Qur'an, we see the importance of the discussions of econ More

No economic movement and especially jihadist ethics in the religious epistemic system can not be successful unless it is the path, path, and destination of the divine, and based on morality. By looking at the Holy Qur'an, we see the importance of the discussions of economic ethics in the religion of Islam in such a way that the Almighty God made a significant portion of this great and humane book to various macro and sometimes microeconomic debates such as Halal, Haram, Makruh , Mustahab, divestiture, divine test through the world, khums, zakat, buying, selling, renting and even economic operations such as hunting, fishing, places of honor, fishing harbors, farming, diving, shipping, livestock and ... dedicated. In this regard, we first briefly describe the jihad and the economy, then consider the Indicators of the Holy Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah for the realization of Islamic economics in a society, and then some of the strategies of economic ethics contained in the Holy Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah And also the results and the effects of Islamic economics in this article, although we look at our low income Manuscript profile

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9 - The thought of Islamic scholars regarding sensory perception based on the viewpoint of Mulla Sadra philosopher
hossein imani moghadam

In this writing, the basics and preconditions of the discussion such as the recognition of the truth of the soul and body and its ability as the inductor or the sentient of perception, are specifically expressed in Mulla Sadra's view. In the following, the differences b More

In this writing, the basics and preconditions of the discussion such as the recognition of the truth of the soul and body and its ability as the inductor or the sentient of perception, are specifically expressed in Mulla Sadra's view. In the following, the differences between the views of the Islamic scholars in the discussion of the above are discussed as the introduction of the concept of perception and feeling, and these discussions will also differentiate the speeches of those intellectuals in the context of perception and feeling. In terms of perception, the author, after expressing the theory and foundations and the results of the discussion, regards those intellectuals, and especially Mulla Sadra, in expressing the differences and differences between the views of those Islamic scholars. In the final section, discussions on issues such as emotions and controversies have been considered, based on Mulla Sadra's principles and views on animal and human perception, and the attention is paid to the distinction between feelings in animals and humans. Manuscript profile

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10 - The Forbiddance of Takfir to Kiblah Believers on Viewpoint of Prolocutors and Jurists of Shia and Sunni
abbasali rostami

The problem of Takfir is more a theological issue than a juridical one, and it is faith-based, since many jurists and prolocutors maintain lack and rote between blasphemy and faith. In other words, if a human being does not have faith in God and monotheism, he/she is co More

The problem of Takfir is more a theological issue than a juridical one, and it is faith-based, since many jurists and prolocutors maintain lack and rote between blasphemy and faith. In other words, if a human being does not have faith in God and monotheism, he/she is considered as Kafir; however, due to the outcomes and consequences issued in jurisprudence, it is been of interest to jurists. In the present study, the viewpoint of popular Islamic scholar regarding Takfir for Kiblah believers is reviewed and it is discussed whether or not this issue is legal and approved on Islamic leaders vision. A majority of prolocutors and jurists of Shia and Sunni consider Kiblah believers as Muslim, and consider property, life, and sanctity for them. On the contrast,, a few people ignore the decree of their leader implying blasphemy to other Muslims and consider their killing as permitted. Manuscript profile

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11 - Comparative Study on the infallibility of the Prophet from the viewpoint of Allame Tabatabie and Fakhr Razi

One of the most important issues about the Prophet is the infallibility of the Prophet. Although, this is an ancient issue in the theological and ideological discussions, but it is the most important Islamic theological discussions among the theologians and Islamic comm More

One of the most important issues about the Prophet is the infallibility of the Prophet. Although, this is an ancient issue in the theological and ideological discussions, but it is the most important Islamic theological discussions among the theologians and Islamic commentators. Some scholars believe that the infallibility of the Prophet is necessary for the mission of the Prophet, either before or after his appointment. This study intends to present an overview about the infallibility, definition of the problem, the history of infallibility, the main questions and sub-questions, hypotheses, research purposes and methodology. Then the research will involve in the theoretical foundations which include the scientific biography of Allame Tabatabaie and Fakhr Razi , research literature which comprises of semantics of infallibility, the literal and technical meaning of infallibility, infallibility in the Quran and infallibility from the viewpoint of two commentators as well. The conducive and origin of infallibility from the view of Shiite and Sunni commentator, the reasons for the need of infallibility of the Prophet and the comparative study between two views will be discussed here as well. At the end, the most important reasons about the mistakes and forgetfulness which attributed to the Prophet and a comparison between two views will be discussed. Manuscript profile

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12 - Determining the role of organizational spirituality based on the Islamic values in enhancing organizational citizenship behavior in medical devises industry using DEMATEL
Ehsan Sadeh Zeinolabedin Amini Sabegh Alireza Nobari

One of the consequences for organizational spirituality based on the Islamic values is organizational citizenship behavior which is doing those actions that are more than routine tasks but are useful for others and the organization without any expectation. The aim of th More

One of the consequences for organizational spirituality based on the Islamic values is organizational citizenship behavior which is doing those actions that are more than routine tasks but are useful for others and the organization without any expectation. The aim of this study is to explore the interrelationships among organizational spirituality criteria based on Islamic values and organizational citizenship behavior in medical devises industry using DEMATEL technique. For this purpose, in the first step, 11 criteria were identified including 4 criteria for organizational spirituality and 7 criteria for organizational citizenship behavior. DEMATEL technique was applied based on the opinions of the 22 experts. Results advocated the important role of Religiosity and individual spirituality in improving organizational citizenship behaviors. Further the results confirmed the significance of positive thinking, alignment with values, trusteeship, work with meaning and sense of solidarity in the organization. Manuscript profile

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13 - Analysis dissident's atheism from the viewpoint of the narratives and Imams' jurists
ehsan avazpoor Ali Pourjavhari Mohammad Ali Heidari

The issue of the disbelief (Kufr) of the Shia's opposition (Mukhaalif) has been raised in many Shiite traditions, based on which, some Imami scholars considered the mukhaalif to be disbeliever (kaafir) and out of the realm of Islam. In terms of the meaning of mukhaalif, More

The issue of the disbelief (Kufr) of the Shia's opposition (Mukhaalif) has been raised in many Shiite traditions, based on which, some Imami scholars considered the mukhaalif to be disbeliever (kaafir) and out of the realm of Islam. In terms of the meaning of mukhaalif, Shiite narrations and the writings of Shi'ite scholars convey that mukhaalif includes all Muslims other than twelver Shiites. Though opposing (mukhaalafah) can be in various fields, such as believing in anthropomorphism (tajsim), materialization of Allah (tashbih), predestination (jabr) or delegation (tafwid), however, the most striking instance of opposing is the rejection of the Imamate and leadership of the twelve Imams. On the other hand, many traditions explicitly affirm that anyone who accepts the belief of the unity of God (tawhid) and the prophethood of Prophet Muhammad (s), is considered as a Muslim and all of the rulings of a Muslim are applicable to him/ her. The analysis of these two groups of traditions and referring to the other relevant traditions and the writings of Shiite scholars indicate that neither of Islam and kufr can be proved for the mukhaalif in an absolute manner, nevertheless, a separation between the various meanings of kufr and the different types of mukhaalif is necessary. What can be certainly proved is that kufr, in the sense of being out of the realm of Islam, is only applicable to the prejudiced mukhaalif, and the other two types of mukhaalif, being ignorant and denier, are considered Muslims. However, the inclusiveness of some traditions to all types of mukhaalif, and categorizing them as disbelievers is justified by the different levels and degrees of belief and disbelief. Manuscript profile

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14 - Comparative study of the goals of punishment in the beliefs and beliefs of customary law and Islamic teachings
Amir Vatani Amir hasan niaz poor Farzad Askari

In general, the purpose of punishment is to punish the criminal law of intimidating, punishing, reforming, disabling, restorative justice, and satisfying the offender. In this study, based on Qur'anic verses, narrations and hadiths, we have proved that the purpose of Is More

In general, the purpose of punishment is to punish the criminal law of intimidating, punishing, reforming, disabling, restorative justice, and satisfying the offender. In this study, based on Qur'anic verses, narrations and hadiths, we have proved that the purpose of Islam is from punishment The perpetrators are nothing more than the above objectives, with the difference that the goals of Islam are more general and more extensive than the legitimate aims of the law. Islam, in addition to worldly goals that are in accordance with the goals of modern legal or criminal law, There are other goals as the afterlife goals, which is the welfare of mankind in the hereafter. Therefore, considering that God considers in his own words the expediency of society and the people, in his decrees the interest of the worldly and the future of the people has been considered. So if there was a profit in punishment, but at a certain time and place it would be a loss for profit and its implementation would not be expedient. It can no longer be the purpose of the Lord, while it is true that the punishment has lost the goals of the Lord. However, the worldly goals of punishing criminals from the point of view of Sharia and Islam are in most cases with customary and criminal law It is in harmony with the worldly happiness of mankind, except for the bliss of the afterlife, So, as long as it is punishable by the fact that it is profitable, and if, once it benefits to a corruptor or causes the worship of Islam and does not result in the above objectives, it can no longer be considered by God, otherwise The face is not compatible with God's righteousness. Manuscript profile

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15 - Investigating the Low Growth Factors of Practical Wisdom in Islamic Philosophy from Ibn Sina to Mulla Sadra (With Emphasis on Ethics)
Mohammad Reza Asadi Gholamreza Badr,khani

Practical theosophy in Islamic philosophy is a sibling of theoretical theosophy. It is expected that it is paid attention to as much as theoretical theosophy; however, both in view of writings and inclusion of subjects, it is less booming. To recognize the factors caus More

Practical theosophy in Islamic philosophy is a sibling of theoretical theosophy. It is expected that it is paid attention to as much as theoretical theosophy; however, both in view of writings and inclusion of subjects, it is less booming. To recognize the factors causing this situation can be an introduction to its development in accordance with the needs of the contemporary era The arrival of philosophy in the intellectual space of the Islamic world has been accompanied by two opposing stances. On the opposite side, philosophy r does not have the ability to enter into theoretical and practical wisdom, and in a favorable position, some attempt to localize the philosophy of Greece, which has led to religion Responsible for discussing practical wisdom. The factors that led the religion to discuss practical wisdom are the impossibility of deriving practical wisdom from Aristotelian theoretical wisdom, and the extent to which religion is surrounded by all aspects of practical wisdom and the lack of awareness of the necessity of the intellectuals from entering practical wisdom and the controversy between jurisprudents and philosophers And the importance of the first philosophy of Muslim philosophers. Manuscript profile

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16 - Investigating the Relationship between Religion and Ethics from the Viewpoint of Islamic and Western Scientists
Nasrin Tavakoli

Religion, by commanding to avoid moral evils, has a very important contribution to the ethics of human societies. Therefore, the theory of the relationship between religion and ethics, which emphasizes that religion supports ethics, helps to expand moral virtues. In thi More

Religion, by commanding to avoid moral evils, has a very important contribution to the ethics of human societies. Therefore, the theory of the relationship between religion and ethics, which emphasizes that religion supports ethics, helps to expand moral virtues. In this article, the concept of morality and religion is discussed and also the views of various Islamic and Western thinkers and philosophers on the relationship or non-relevance of religion and ethics are reviewed. The research method is based on qualitative and documentary studies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between religion and ethics and to emphasize the importance of religiousness of man and human societies in the pursuit of morality and the spread of moral virtues as well as the effect of religiousness and the positive effects of religiosity on the consolidation of moral values. The findings show that religion is more general and has different components and realizes ethical value through its multiple dimensions. Morality, on the other hand, like a strong phenomenon provides the development basis for social values and sustainable prosperity, and nobody can deny the role of religion in advocating morality. Conclusion: In order to gain specific examples of moral commands, we need religion. And this is inspiration that can elucidate moral commands in a particular sense with certain limits, conditions and devices. Manuscript profile

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17 - Studying the constitutional and legal nature of individualism or individuality Authenticity
Somayyeh Sarami Nafiseh Nekouie Mehr

With the rise of modern communication technologies, including the Internet, individualism has increased and has led to a weakening of the collective relations and normal human links (eg face-to-face relationships and emotional relations). For this reason, because of the More

With the rise of modern communication technologies, including the Internet, individualism has increased and has led to a weakening of the collective relations and normal human links (eg face-to-face relationships and emotional relations). For this reason, because of the viewpoint of aggregation and interests Collectively, it is a priority and priority. Therefore, any kind of individualism and motivation that contributes to the strengthening of the spirit and the culture of individualism is denied and denounced. Humanism or individuality is a major theoretical element in the "liberal-capitalist" system, and in the sense of The heart of this system and free market ideology is in place. In this school, his person and his rights prevail over everything. If a government is formed, it must be at the service of the people of the community. Collectivist concepts, such as the "benefit of society," are false. Everyone recognizes his or her own interests better than others, and if they seek their own good and good, then society will eventually be good. We have no absolute goodness and virtue to interfere in human life. Religion, ethics and government, as well as reformers and thinkers, have no right to issue copies to prescribers. In this paper, I also examine the different perspectives on individualism, the controversies and the ways in which this school is with Islam. Manuscript profile

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18 - Islamology with regards to the works of Bernard Lewis
Fatemeh Aziz Mohammadi Abdollah Rahimi

Westerners have paid a great deal of attention to Islam and Muslims in recent years. This has left a tremendous legacy of researches and books. The results presented have centered for many politicians, research institutions, and even the Western public, shaping major po More

Westerners have paid a great deal of attention to Islam and Muslims in recent years. This has left a tremendous legacy of researches and books. The results presented have centered for many politicians, research institutions, and even the Western public, shaping major political and strategic doctrines. However, some codings as Islamophobia has rooted from the very heart of it and consequently many politicians and the media has used these arguments in order to reclaim their ideas in this contest. Bernard Lewis is one of the contemporary Western Islamic scholars, whose studies on the matter of Islam and it’s cultural, economical, and social the Middle East region, has left a body of works, which is the center of attention for many politicians and the media. Without any doubts, further study of his works will be helpful in establishing recognition on this thoughts and its construction. Manuscript profile

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19 - Analyzing the theory of heavenly forms embodiment of deeds
gholamali sanjari

Amongst the great theologians, there has always been a debate on the connection between the punishment of the hereafter and the actions of this world. Some theologians believe that the connection between the actions of this world and the punishment of the hereafter is c More

Amongst the great theologians, there has always been a debate on the connection between the punishment of the hereafter and the actions of this world. Some theologians believe that the connection between the actions of this world and the punishment of the hereafter is contractual, and on this basis God has created heaven and hell; this group are known as the deniers of the ‘Visualization of Deeds’. The other group of theologians believe that our actions are embodied within us in the hereafter. Followers of this theory believe in the ‘Visualization of Deeds’ and they can be divided into two groups; those that believe the visualization to be in a celestial form and those that believe the visualization to be the essence of the soul. In this research paper, we will analyze the arguments presented by those theologians who accept the visualization of deeds in a celestial form. The result from this research suggests that rational reasoning alone, without the help of some verses of the Holy Quran, authentic narrations and the intuition of the heart, would not be able to prove this theory. Manuscript profile

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20 - Tawhid in the view points of Salafi Jihadi and studying it's consequences
abbasali farzandi

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.10.37.9.1

Although the Tawhid is the common belief among all the denominations and Islamic movements but Jihadi interpretation that is one of the active movements in the Islamic world, suggested especial interpretation from Tawhid and showed a different face of Islam. The ideolog More

Although the Tawhid is the common belief among all the denominations and Islamic movements but Jihadi interpretation that is one of the active movements in the Islamic world, suggested especial interpretation from Tawhid and showed a different face of Islam. The ideology of Tawhid centered of this group is changing the unity and coexistence between Islamic society. This research by using the explanatory and analetical methods will study the definition of the Salafi leaders from the notion of Tawhid and evaluate it's consequences and results. The results of this research will show that Takfiri ideology of this group will start war and unsafety in the Islamic world and as a result in the world. It's security consequences will be enternal and external. The enternal consequences of Salafi Jihadi understanding of Tawhid are expansion of meaning and example of Shirk, Pure activitism and extremism, not following the rules of war and dictatorial faith. The external consequences are preaching suiciding, considering believers and disbelievers equal and not building Islamic civilization. Manuscript profile

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21 - The Religious Approach of Iranian encyclopedia in Facing with Western Islamic Studies: A Comparative Study of the Articles of Shiite Theology, the Declaration of Imamieh, and Iranian Topics in Iranian and Western Encyclopedia
Seyyed Ahmad Hoseinzadeh fereshteh sepehr zohreh mirhoseini Bahram Parvin Gonabadi

20.1001.1.98991735.1399.10.38.5.5

There was no purely scientific criterion in Western Islamic studies in the form of an encyclopedia. The aims of post-colonial Western studies, the methodology, and the unbalanced pay-off of religious beliefs in Islam are sympathetic to this claim. After the Islamic Revo More

There was no purely scientific criterion in Western Islamic studies in the form of an encyclopedia. The aims of post-colonial Western studies, the methodology, and the unbalanced pay-off of religious beliefs in Islam are sympathetic to this claim. After the Islamic Revolution, the encyclopedias compiling in Islam aims to offset the shortcomings of Western research by adopting a normative study approach and a defensive and discursive approach, pursuing Shiite and Iranian identity aspirations, such as specifying the type, amount, and citations of entries in Iranian Encycloperias, It went beyond mere encyclopedic standards and included elements such as completeness and belief motives. Investigating the distribution of references, diversity of sources and the quantity of theological entries in the encyclopedia of Islam (as a Western example) in comparison with the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam (as an Iranian example) in terms of attention to Shia intelle.ctual and cultural heritage (specifically Shiite theology and Imamiyyah elements) is significantly different. In the encyclopedia of Islam, theological entries are limited to 404 entries, while in the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam there are 749 entries, and it has concentetated on Shiite theology entries and Iranian topics, independently and extensively. Theological articles in the Encyclopedia of Islam do not refer to any Shiite sources and all references are Sunni sources, while the religious distribution of the sources in the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam does not suffer from this contradiction. Manuscript profile

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22 - Feasibility of apostate punishment in Iranian criminal law With an emphasis on narrative and doctrinal teachings
ahmad ramezani

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.10.39.5.1

By approving Article 220 of the Islamic Penal Code, the legislator explicitly stated that in his view, there are other hududs than the hududs mentioned in the law, which must be referred to Article 167 of the Constitution in order to determine their punishment, and trie More

By approving Article 220 of the Islamic Penal Code, the legislator explicitly stated that in his view, there are other hududs than the hududs mentioned in the law, which must be referred to Article 167 of the Constitution in order to determine their punishment, and tried to convert the principle of the legality of crimes and punishments into the religious principle of crimes and punishments. According to Article 225 of the proposed bill, it can be understood that the purpose of the hududs not mentioned in the law is apostasy. There is some disagreement in hudud or discretionary punishment, and there is evidence on its discretionary punishment that, by reinforcing discretionary punishment theory of apostasy, it cannot be resorted to Article 220 of the Islamic Penal Code upon to punish it. according to Article 18 of the Islamic Penal Code and the three-fold emphasis on the word law in this article, it should be said that in discretionary punishment, the principle is on the legality of offenses and punishments, since apostasy has not been criminalized in Iranian criminal law, there is a serious problem with the possibility of punishing the apostate according to the strengthening of the discretionary punishment theory Manuscript profile

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23 - The Role of Shiite Schools in the Safavid Era in the Development of Islamic Culture and Civilization (Emphasizing on the two schools of Khan Shiraz and the Chahar Bagh of Isfahan)
Aboutaleb Ahmadi Moghaddam mahdi goljan ramin yalfani

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.11.41.1.4

According to written sources, teaching and education in Islam was practiced in mosques and schools until the 900 A.D. gradually, from the late of 800 and early of 900 A.D, scholars began to establish Dar al-Alum and schools. From the 1000 A.D, there was a major change i More

According to written sources, teaching and education in Islam was practiced in mosques and schools until the 900 A.D. gradually, from the late of 800 and early of 900 A.D, scholars began to establish Dar al-Alum and schools. From the 1000 A.D, there was a major change in the educational method in Iran and in the sovereign territories, and numerous schools were established throughout the country. This process continued during the two Ilk Hani and Teymuri periods and finally culminated in the Safavid era. The Safavid era has been introduced as a classic era in the history of Islamic Iranian schools. During this period, two important factors: the formation of a centralized Iranian state and the formal conversion of the Shiite religion paved the way for the creation of a new and dynamic educational system in a new format. The result was an increase in schools and scientific and educational facilities. This research is based on library and field research and in a descriptive-analytical and historical way, it seeks to study the impact of Safavid era schools, especially the two schools of Khan Shiraz and Chahar Bagh of Isfahan on cultural development in Iran and the Islamic world. Studies show that the schools of the Safavid era, especially the two schools of Khan Shiraz and the four gardens of Isfahan, play an important role in promoting the education and training of the Iranian youth and their special importance and presence in them. Finally, Iranian-Islamic culture has flourished. Accordingly, in the Safavid era, these schools and educational systems have contributed to the identification of the Safavid society, and the increasing expansion of educational systems in the context of the Shiite community has led to changes in social behavior and ultimately to the gradual growth and development of culture and civilization. The Islamic community of that era is gone. Manuscript profile

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24 - A Study of the Anthropological Theological Foundations of Human Interaction with the Environment with Emphasis on the Position of the Human as the Caliph of God
Morteza Bayat mohammadnaser SAGHAYE BI RIA Mohammad beheshti

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.11.43.2.9

The present article explains the anthropological theological foundations of human interaction with the environment by emphasizing the position of the human as the Caliph of God. The most important result of the research is that according to the verses of the Holy Qur’an More

The present article explains the anthropological theological foundations of human interaction with the environment by emphasizing the position of the human as the Caliph of God. The most important result of the research is that according to the verses of the Holy Qur’an, the environment is a phenomenon that has been created for human beings as the Caliph of God. Man is the ultimate goal of the environment around him, since man, as God's Caliph on earth, has been given special responsibilities by God, including the development of the earth, and considers any destruction and loss of the environment contrary to the responsibility of being human, and any negligence to this duty is considered an escape from responsibility. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Indian spirituality and the implementation of Islamic mysticism (with emphasis on status of Abu Nasr Sarraj and Castaneda)
Zahra Paridokhtan Mohammad Moghaddam Mohammad Ali Sharifian

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.11.43.15.2

Mysticism is the way to gain knowledge, insight and an inner journey to reach God. Islamic mysticism is based on the experiences of mystics such as Abu Sa'id Abu al-Khair, Abu Nasr Saraj, Rumi, and other mystics, and Indian spirituality has been introduced to societies More

Mysticism is the way to gain knowledge, insight and an inner journey to reach God. Islamic mysticism is based on the experiences of mystics such as Abu Sa'id Abu al-Khair, Abu Nasr Saraj, Rumi, and other mystics, and Indian spirituality has been introduced to societies among Mexican Indians based on the experiences of Carlos Casta .eda. This article has been studied in a descriptive-analytical library with the aim of comparing the condition of the seeker in Indian spirituality with the condition of the seeker in Islamic mysticism based on the condition mentioned by Abu Nasr Saraj in the book "Al-Lama". The result of the research shows that the Indian seeker experiences conditions such as: meditation, closeness, love, fear, hope, ecstasy, love, reassurance, observation and certainty, the tens of levels of conditions mentioned in "Al-Lama", with the difference that The reason for the emergence of this spirituality is not the division of the stereotypes of "state". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - An Explanation of Bliss on Organizational Management from the Perspective of Islamic teachings
alireza nobari

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.11.43.12.9

We, the Muslims, believe to the God as the only creator and ruler and general governor of the cosmos. We are also believer that his words(in QURAN )is the last sent message to human beings , which is sent to prophet Mohammad as a role model of humankind and receiver of More

We, the Muslims, believe to the God as the only creator and ruler and general governor of the cosmos. We are also believer that his words(in QURAN )is the last sent message to human beings , which is sent to prophet Mohammad as a role model of humankind and receiver of revelation and after him followed by innocent IMAMS to direct people for reaching to the perfectionism and the best way of life. However, concerning the mentioned points by leader of IRAN Ayatollah Khamenei about paying attention to art and social, it is great to note that international re-Searchers in management and social have gained some fantastic results in relation with humankind behavior and environment that is used in organismic and social affairs, whereas the most important parts of these findings are available in general principles of ISLAM that whit applying these aforesaid principles we can provide felicity in both material and spiritual aspects for human beings. Naturally its task of Islamic speculative and researchers. Hence, it would be the trouble of researchers that how to accommodate organismic and social affairs to Islamic principles? How to change the manpower’s conception as the most important part of an organization coincidental with applying Islamic doctrines? In this Article by using of hermeneutics methods , alongside the interpretation of QURAN and academic sources of management, we tried to coordinate the role of human-power and management methods with the philosophy of creation, and meantime we tried to clear the way of accede to commonweal and evince whatever has been found or will be found in new sciences, is intangible in Islamic principles and profoundly attention and enough focus is required to form capacity about this case in people and we can come to conclude that it is the GREATNESS OF ISLAM. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Resistance businesses based on Islamic teachings
sayyedmahmoud hashemi

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.11.43.14.1

Trade and business have a long history in human civilization. Humans have long been involved in business to meet their needs. Hard work and resistance to hardships is one of the basic teachings of Islam and diligence is a form of worship from the Islamic point of view. More

Trade and business have a long history in human civilization. Humans have long been involved in business to meet their needs. Hard work and resistance to hardships is one of the basic teachings of Islam and diligence is a form of worship from the Islamic point of view. As a result, religious and jurisprudential teachings in Islam pay special attention to this matter. For a business to be sustainable, it must be able to use existing advantages and at the same time discover new opportunities. Resistant business is a business that is called Have resilient, dynamic and potential for growth, prosperity and progress in crisis situations. The present study is of applied type and has been done by descriptive-analytical method. Accordingly, all valid documents related to Islamic business and teachings and other reliable sources of narrative that were central to the explanation of resistance business have been exploited. First, describe resistance business and strategies for realization It and the role of religious teachings in the resilience of businesses in natural and man-made crises are discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the hadith Ghorb Nawafil from the perspective of Muslim mystics
jalal usofi enayat ali hosein ehteshami mohammadreza fereydooni

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.11.44.9.8

Acquiring quantitative and qualitative information from hadiths helps to understand the hadith principles of Islamic scholars. Various Islamic sects have paid special attention to the hadiths of the infallibles. Mystics, among others, have dealt with this issue and in t More

Acquiring quantitative and qualitative information from hadiths helps to understand the hadith principles of Islamic scholars. Various Islamic sects have paid special attention to the hadiths of the infallibles. Mystics, among others, have dealt with this issue and in their works, referring to the hadiths of the Infallibles (AS), they have based their principles on this basis. They have their own principles in dealing with hadith. The difference of their basis with the scholars of hadith has caused mystics to be sometimes attributed to forgery and distortion of hadiths. It seems that the frequent analysis of the hadiths of the mystics with accurate scientific methods paves the way for understanding their principles and rules in the face of the hadiths. This research has examined the frequency of the hadith "Ghorb Nawafil" in 110 mystical sources. An attempt has been made to analyze the history of use and frequency of this hadith quantitatively and qualitatively using modern scientific methods. The findings of the research show that this hadith has been considered by mystics in different historical periods. This information can be helpful in examining the authenticity of the hadith document near Nawafil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - The social revolutionary revolution is a social political goal. It is a process that is driven by mass action leading to the aspirations arising from long-term ideas and by breaking away from the past, which is accompanied by inequality and the future of new norms with justice And Aristotle believes that existing inequalities are among the factors behind the revolution. The purpose of the present study is to explain the sociology and comparisons of the revolutions in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Iran, which has been analyzed using the ideas of the Jews and the people. The research methodology is the methodology for reviewing and analyzing The content of the relevant texts is a tool for collecting field information. The results showed that among the common causes behind these revolutions: the political and administrative failure of the rulers, despotism and absolute freedom, and the taking of people, the widespread financial and social crises and its consequences (unemployment, Inflation, reduced economic growth, social harm, reduced social trust and socialism, anomalies, etc.), the presence of intellectuals and people in the scene, the existence of virtual social networks from other revolutions, the existence of guiding and minded leaders, dependence and unbalanced development, and the separation The revolution of Iran with these revolutions: the root of it Another distinction was that of the leadership of Iran, which came from the people and the people.
Seyyed Hossein Taghavi

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.12.45.3.7

According to the Islamic view, the principle is based on the Human civilization has led to current crises, one of which is the crisis of spirituality and the neglect of man's relationship with God, and man, proud of his scientific achievements, has devoted all his eff More

According to the Islamic view, the principle is based on the Human civilization has led to current crises, one of which is the crisis of spirituality and the neglect of man's relationship with God, and man, proud of his scientific achievements, has devoted all his efforts to work, capital and prosperity. Now, after five centuries, he has realized that material prosperity and comfort can not comfort him, and to fill this gap, he has turned to ancient and emerging mysticism, including Indian, Buddhist, Indian, and so on. This article seeks to study Islamic mysticism and emerging mysticism through analytical, descriptive and comparative methods, and in contrast to the views of rivals who have expressed the theory of objectivity and contradiction, has accepted the theory of conformity and aspect. Expresses their differences and similarities and in the field of their commonalities, conclusions have been reached which are that both mysticism, in order to heal the psychological and beautiful sufferings of seeing the world and tolerating everything and total peace and speech From love and happiness and peace and humiliation of a partial intellect, they have been contemporaneous with each other; But instinctability, not instinctualism, orbital duty instead of irresponsibility, responding to the basic needs of human beings instead of secondary needs, truth-seeking instead of superstition, are the distinguishing features of Islamic mysticism in comparison with emerging mysticisms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Analysis of the concept of theoretical reason and practical reason based on Islamic approach
Nasibeh Nikpoor Narges Keshtiaray hosein vaezi

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.12.45.8.2

Theoretical intellect and practical intellect in the context of history in Islam have great value and credibility. According to the Islamic approach and analysis of the thoughts of Islamic philosophers, it is concluded that each of them has addressed this issue from a s More

Theoretical intellect and practical intellect in the context of history in Islam have great value and credibility. According to the Islamic approach and analysis of the thoughts of Islamic philosophers, it is concluded that each of them has addressed this issue from a specific perspective. Therefore, explaining the views of some of these contemporary and non-contemporary Islamic thinkers on theoretical and practical reason is of particular importance. In this article, a descriptive analytical method has been tried to briefly address his thoughts. The results of this article show that they have considered theoretical and practical reason from two perspectives and in this agreement they consider theoretical reason in four levels: monster, queen, actual, and utilitarian. They consider the perception of generalities as one of its functions and divide practical reason into four levels of manifestation, emptying, emptying, and annihilation. . Their differences are in the perception of concepts in general and in particular and the relationship between theoretical and practical reason. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Protecting human dignity and respecting the rights of non-Muslims in Imami jurisprudence and subject law
Toraj Hematti Farsani Alireza Salimi ALIREZA HOSSINI Mohammad Hossein Nazemi Ashani

20.1001.1.98991735.1400.12.45.9.3

The religion of Islam has not only dealt with matters concerning Muslims, but also, in an overview, has drawn up rules for non-Muslims and respect for their rights; In the Islamic approach, non-Muslims are either considered as dhimmis, covenants, and trustees who, altho More

The religion of Islam has not only dealt with matters concerning Muslims, but also, in an overview, has drawn up rules for non-Muslims and respect for their rights; In the Islamic approach, non-Muslims are either considered as dhimmis, covenants, and trustees who, although present as a minority in the Muslim community, are supported, or who are among the non-Muslims who are in conflict with Muslims. There are those who are known as military infidels and therefore are not respected by Islam. A look at the sources of Imami jurisprudence shows that the breadth, property and honor of non-Muslims who are under the protection of the Islamic community are considered inviolable; Thus, Muslims have no right to attack them; Because in this case they will be reprimanded. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, by recognizing the religious, Christian and Zoroastrian individuals as religious minorities, has also recognized their rights. In the Islamic Penal Code in 1392, the legislature, by establishing jurisprudential standards in some areas, including adultery with a Muslim, sodomy, tafkhiz, considered the death sentence as an aggravation of punishment for non-Muslims and in drinking alcohol, as a factor A discount was given to non-Muslims only if they pretended to have a limit. Regarding diyat, the equality of diyat of non-Muslim and non-Muslim minorities was maintained, taking into account the opinion of the leadership. Apart from usury, no distinction was made between Muslims and non-Muslims regarding punishments. However, in the field of retribution, a new approach to expanding the scope of the safe has been pursued, which indicates a step towards greater support for non-military infidels, even those who are not among the minorities recognized in the constitution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Reflections of Jewish interactions with early Christians in the Holy Quran based on historical sources
Fatemeh Mohammadi جواد سخا Boshra Delrish نصراله پورمحمدی املشی

20.1001.1.98991735.1401.12.46.9.9

This article examines and presents a model of those verses of the Holy Quran that refer to Judaism and Christianity. Quranic verses are not examined in this article from a verbal and interpretive perspective, but it is merely the purpose of historical-social evaluation More

This article examines and presents a model of those verses of the Holy Quran that refer to Judaism and Christianity. Quranic verses are not examined in this article from a verbal and interpretive perspective, but it is merely the purpose of historical-social evaluation of Quranic verses, which seems to be a reflection of the relationship between early Muslims with Christians. Based on the frequency, whatever Quranic verses related to Christianity and Judaism were extracted from the Qur'an and examined to determine by comparing them, that these verses were more related to Christianity or Judaism? In order to investigate this goal, the methods of library-descriptive and descriptive-analytical research methods were used. The findings of this article show that the Qur'an confirms the principle of Jewish theology in various verses, and it seems that the influential personalities of the Jewish people are greater than in the Qur'an. But the Quran has many criticisms of the Jewish people, their past beliefs and practices, and the Prophet (PBUH) and Muslims' treatment of the Jews of the Arabian Island. It is likely that the contemporary Jews, who lived in Medina at the time of the Prophet, as well as their treatment of the Prophet (PBUH), were instrumental in depicting Judaism in the verses of the Quran. Many verses have been revealed in the Holy Quran, and on the other hand, the tone of the Quran towards Christianity is a very calm tone and refers to issues that have always been of interest to Christianity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Exploring the interaction between man and the environment in Islam with emphasis on the teachings of the Ahsan system
morteza bayat

20.1001.1.98991735.1401.12.46.12.2

The interaction between humans and the environment is one of the topics that is emphasized by governments and people today. Examining this interaction by religions, especially Islam, is one of the issues that can be very important for the followers of this heavenly reli More

The interaction between humans and the environment is one of the topics that is emphasized by governments and people today. Examining this interaction by religions, especially Islam, is one of the issues that can be very important for the followers of this heavenly religion. The important point of Islam's approach is that this religion considers nature to have a perfect system as the noblest and best possible system that is under the rule of God and there is no defect or evil in it. The researchers in this article intend to find an answer to the question of what kind of interaction exists between humans and the environment from the Islamic point of view and should be done using the library method. The answer that has been given to this question is that according to the doctrine of Nizam Ahsan, which Islam emphasizes a lot, man does not have the right to destroy the natural course of the environment, and if he tries to change the environment at will, it will cause evil effects in It will be the whole system. Because in Ahsan's system, man is a part of the system and a part of its parts, and you have no right to consider what is good for him as good and what is not good for him as evil.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - A study of Islamic and non-Islamic sects from the second to the fifth century
Mehran Asadinejad Jalil PourHasan Darabi Abbas Ashuri Nejad

20.1001.1.98991735.1401.12.47.2.4

The present article examines Islamic and non-Islamic sects from the second to the fifth century and examines the results and influence of these sects from the second to the fifth century. Sectarianism means attitudes and actions that are characterized by extremism or l More

The present article examines Islamic and non-Islamic sects from the second to the fifth century and examines the results and influence of these sects from the second to the fifth century. Sectarianism means attitudes and actions that are characterized by extremism or laziness and, as a result, separation from the official policy of the party and political group. The purpose of this study is to study Islamic and non-Islamic sects from the second to the fifth century. The Abbasid or Abbasid Caliphate was the third Islamic caliphate to come to power after the rise of Muhammad. This caliphate was founded by the descendants of the uncle of the Prophet of Islam, Abbas bin Abdulmutallab, which is why it became known as the Abbasid caliphate. In this study, Islamic and non-Islamic sects from the second to the fifth century were studied. The criterion of any sect being Islamic is the acceptance of Islam as a religion. Esoteric and just beliefs are also criteria for selecting non-Islamic sects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Sub-Strategy of Islamic Unity in the Thought of the Supreme Leader
Abbas Ali Nazar Nokandeh Morteza Khorrami

20.1001.1.98991735.1401.12.47.14.6

The unity of Muslims and Approximation of Islamic religions has been one of the concerns of great reformers, including Imam Khomeini. The Supreme Leader also has a process and systemic approach to unity and considers it not a temporary tactic to achieve some political g More

The unity of Muslims and Approximation of Islamic religions has been one of the concerns of great reformers, including Imam Khomeini. The Supreme Leader also has a process and systemic approach to unity and considers it not a temporary tactic to achieve some political goals but a strategy and an Islamic principle. According to this approach, the grand strategy of achieving the general goals of the Islamic Revolution and along with it, sub-strategies to achieve the intermediate goals can be found in some of his speeches. These sub-strategies and sub-goals, with a kind of convergence, pave the way for achieving those overall goals. The present article tries to examine one of these sub-strategies, namely the strategy of achieving Islamic unity, from his perspective through analytical and descriptive methods. Findings show that in his statements, the three pillars of strategy, namely, vision, review and evaluation of internal and external environment and strategies are mentioned. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Objectives, principles, methods and foundations of Islamic education with emphasis on the mystical thought of Imam Khomeini (RA)
Ahya Dakmaei jamshid Sadri hatef siahkoohian Seyed Hojjat Mahdavi Saeedi

20.1001.1.98991735.1401.12.48.3.7

In order to recognize and promote the school of thought and practical life of the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and read the intellectual system of the great architect of the Islamic Revolution and according to the emphasis of the Supreme Leader on keeping the More

In order to recognize and promote the school of thought and practical life of the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and read the intellectual system of the great architect of the Islamic Revolution and according to the emphasis of the Supreme Leader on keeping the religious and educational thought and practical life of His Holiness and highlighting its role as a basic criterion in all politics Plans and programs and its extension in the set of pillars of the system need to be further researched in the dimensions of mystical education with the cooperation of universities, cultural societies and scientific centers across the country. Imam Khomeini's intellectual angles in this field should be further researched and researched. It is rooted in the mysticism of the Imam, it has always been the concern of the Imam, so that Islamic education is closely related to the mysticism of the Imam and the original sources of Islam, namely the Qur'an and Sunnah, which inevitably has an important effect on Islamic education. The present study intends to explain the principles, methods and foundations of the process of education from Imam's mystical point of view. In fact, the author seeks to answer the question of what is the process of Islamic education based on Imam's mystical teachings and the relationship between instructor and teacher as well as expression of characteristics? The goals and objectives education and training of Imam mysticism will be explained and explained by inferring from the principles, methods and foundations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Islam and the Western Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Apostasy, Freedom of Thought
Mahdi Salehi Mohammad JafariHarandi Mohammad AsadiMehmandoost

20.1001.1.98991735.1401.12.48.6.0

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights focused on determining the most important principles of human rights and freedoms, including freedom, equality and, etc. But despite its global nature, it has raised many challenges among the nations of the world, including Musl More

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights focused on determining the most important principles of human rights and freedoms, including freedom, equality and, etc. But despite its global nature, it has raised many challenges among the nations of the world, including Muslim countries. This declaration ignores the main basis of human rights, which are emphasized in Islam, that is, the uniqueness of God, which is ignored and limited to human intellects in it, and the centrality of man in compiling this declaration is one of the main challenges that the new Western world has created for the Islamic world. The present study has been written with a critical and comparative expression, in a descriptive-analytical method with a library approach. The results of analytical arguments show that human rights from the perspective of Islam are part of the school of Islam, divine laws and faith of the heart that recognizes and binds on human rights. But the focus of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is on human reason and the denial of any ethnic, religious or cultural domination of man. Therefore, in religious thinking, human rights are more thoughtful and guarantee more implementation. There are many similarities and differences between the International Charter of Human Rights and the Declaration of Human Rights from the perspective of Islam. However, due to differences in the philosophical and ideological foundations of many of the basic principles of the two charters, these concepts cannot be absolutely accepted by Islam in the same way as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - developments of proof of the truthful (Burhān-i ṣiddīqīn) in Ashʿarite philosophical theology
Hamid Ataei Nazari

Proof of the truthful (Burhān-i ṣiddīqīn) is among the most famous and valid arguments to prove God’s Existence in Islamic philosophy and kalam. However, the history and developments of the proof in Islamic theology have not been the subject of research so far. Likewise More

Proof of the truthful (Burhān-i ṣiddīqīn) is among the most famous and valid arguments to prove God’s Existence in Islamic philosophy and kalam. However, the history and developments of the proof in Islamic theology have not been the subject of research so far. Likewise, the evolution of the proof in Ashʿarite philosophical theology has not been yet explained. In the present article, having discussed and compared different versions of proof of the truthful set forth by late Ashʿarite theologians, it has been shown that proof of the truthful received much attention in Ashʿarite philosophical theology from the twelfth century onwards and was even considered the most important argument to prove God’s Existence. Moreover, certain Ashʿarite theologians, including Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and ʿAḍud al-Dīn al-Ījī, succeeded to put forward innovative versions of proof of the truthful which made the proof more common and stronger. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - The Critical View on Skepticism about the Prophet of Islam and its criticism
Abdol Vahid Vafaie Fereshteh Darabi

The Prophet of Islam (PBUH)’s infallibility matter has a deep stem in Quran verses. From the First Days of Prophet’s prophecy opponents and antagonists were tried to offend his holy character. Because of that, they provided some doubts and uncertainty from Quran vers More

The Prophet of Islam (PBUH)’s infallibility matter has a deep stem in Quran verses. From the First Days of Prophet’s prophecy opponents and antagonists were tried to offend his holy character. Because of that, they provided some doubts and uncertainty from Quran verses to downgrade the position of him and find the religious reason for their wrong thoughts. Besides that, the misunderstanding of some Quran verses causes controversy among Muslim’s wisemen. Therefore, the present research has done by library method in order to find the Prophets infallibility doubts and uncertainty from different sources. We used content analysis to categorize those founded doubts and certainty to set for general and private examples .the general examples include past sins, future sins, ask for forgiveness and the private examples include, Receiving and communicating revelations such as the legend of Gharaniq, and the field of action of revelations is divided into the execution of rulings, family issues, moral issues, and issues of political rulings. According to the verses, narratives and viewpoints of commentators and philosopher have criticized these doubts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Takfir hypocrites
abbasali rostami

The issue of takfir is more theological than jurisprudential and its origin is also a belief. . In the beginning of Surah Al-Baqarah, God has divided people into three groups: believers, infidels, and hypocrites, and for the complexity of the character of hypocrites, he More

The issue of takfir is more theological than jurisprudential and its origin is also a belief. . In the beginning of Surah Al-Baqarah, God has divided people into three groups: believers, infidels, and hypocrites, and for the complexity of the character of hypocrites, he has paid attention to their characteristics. (Fazha) is an acquittal because the beginning of it is God's hatred of polytheists, repentance is because in this surah there is a lot of talk about repentance, and it is called (Fazha) because different verses of it express scandal. And the shame of the hypocrites and the veiling of their beliefs and actions. In this research, it is investigated whether a hypocrite is an infidel and outside of Islam? Or does blasphemy have a general meaning? (Hiding the truth) Some believe that external Islam is enough for a person to be a Muslim, and inner faith is not necessary. From this point of view, a hypocrite is a Muslim and can inherit and marry a non-Muslim. Others believe that the mental concentration of Islam is his inner faith and beliefs, and external Islam is not enough. As a result, a hypocrite is a disbeliever, the rulings and effects of disbelief apply to him, and the right to citizenship in the Islamic society is taken away from him, and he has eternal punishment in the hereafter. However, in the field of behavior and actions such as hypocrisy, it is different from the term kufr and it does not mean leaving Islam. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - The Role of "Social Monotheism" in the Philosophy of Islamic Sciences Based on Qur’anic Verses: The Case of Theology and Mysticism
mohamad arabsailehei Farideh Pishvaie

"Social monotheism" which is a novel approach to understanding the most fundamental doctrine of Islam, i.e. "monotheism", and supports the theoretical foundations of the realization of a monotheistic society, has various functions that need to be addressed due to their More

"Social monotheism" which is a novel approach to understanding the most fundamental doctrine of Islam, i.e. "monotheism", and supports the theoretical foundations of the realization of a monotheistic society, has various functions that need to be addressed due to their significance and the lack of research in this regard. Among the theoretical functions of social monotheism is its impact on Islamic sciences and their philosophy, which this article seeks to explicate, taking an analytical view, using library data, and focusing on a social comprehension of monotheistic verses. The findings of this article which is based on an analytical approach and the library method, prove the hypothesis that the dominance of the social monotheism discourse over the academic atmosphere of seminaries and universities, by influencing the topics, goals, and objectives of Islamic sciences such as theology and mysticism, may pave the way for transformation in these sciences and this article touches on its evidence and some instances. The result is that with the social reading of monotheism, Islamic sciences can be revised with a new monotheistic approach and in accordance with the needs of contemporary Islamic societies. Manuscript profile

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